Fish schools are ubiquitous in marine life. Although flow interactions are thought to be
beneficial for schooling, their exact effects on the speed, energetics and stability of the group …

Many species of fish and birds travel in groups, yet the role of fluid-mediated interactions in
schools and flocks is not fully understood. Previous fluid-dynamical models of these …

While classic hydrodynamic models predict ordered formations for fish schools, observations
show that schools are seemingly disordered. Our experiments on robotic swimmers may …

Fish schools and bird flocks, which involve a variety of orderly formations, have fascinated
people for a long time. The collective performance of two flapping foils in parallel, which can …

Fish schooling with stable configurations is intriguing. How individuals benefit from
hydrodynamic interactions is still an open question. Here, fish are modeled as undulatory …

The effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the collective locomotion of fish schools is still
poorly understood. In this paper, the flow-mediated organization of two tandem flapping foils …

Both schooling behavior and burst-and-coast gait could improve fish swimming
performance. The extent to which fish can improve their swimming performance by …

Fish schools and bird flocks are fascinating examples of collective behaviours in which
many individuals generate and interact with complex flows. Motivated by animal groups on …

We present new constrained and free-swimming experiments and simulations of a pair of
pitching hydrofoils interacting in a minimal school. The hydrofoils have an out-of-phase …

The collective hydrodynamics in fish schools and bird flocks, which includes self-
organization of multiple dynamic bodies, is complex and lacks sufficient exploration. In this …