Although transgenic crops expressing genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
are considered to be an effective pest control method, reckless usage adds environmental …

The present paper explores the use of refugia in the high dose-refugia resistance
management strategy for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic crops. The model used …

The refuge strategy is designed to delay evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops
producing Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) toxins. Movement of insects between Bt crops …

Abstract The 'high‐dose‐refuge'(HDR) strategy is widely recommended by the
biotechnology industry and regulatory authorities to delay pest adaptation to transgenic …

The refuge strategy is central for delaying insect resistance to transgenic crops that produce
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins, but determining an effective spatial configuration of refuges …

Transgenic crops expressing insecticidal toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been
deployed in agricultural landscapes around the globe. While the key strategy to delay …

BACKGROUND Farmers around the world have used Bt maize for more than two decades,
delaying resistance using a high‐dose/refuge strategy. Nevertheless, field‐evolved …

The evolution of resistance to pesticides by insect pests is a significant challenge for
sustainable agriculture. For transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) …

Genetically engineered crops with insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) have been planted in the world for two decades, aiming to control some …

The use of transgenic sugarcane expressing insecticidal toxins is one potential method of
reducing the damage caused by eldana in the South African sugar industry. This approach …