The median 96‐h lethal zinc concentration (LC50) was 439 μg Zn/L (hardness of 154 mg/L
as CaCO3) for feral mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi), decreasing to a median incipient lethal …

Recent years have seen considerable improvement in water quality standards (QS) for
metals by taking account of the effect of local water chemistry conditions on their …

Bioavailability of metals to aquatic organisms can be considered to be a combination of the
physicochemical factors governing metal behavior and the specific pathophysiological …

Toxicity‐modifying factors can be modeled either empirically with linear regression models
or mechanistically, such as with the biotic ligand model (BLM). The primary factors affecting …

The first bioavailability-based Water Quality Criteria were established for copper in the
United States in 2007 (US Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA],[5]); however …

One of the aims of the Water Framework Directive is to derive Europe‐wide environmental
quality standards that are scientifically based and protective of surface waters. Accounting …

After the scientific development of biotic ligand models (BLMs) in recent decades, these
models are now considered suitable for implementation in regulatory risk assessment of …

Copper (Cu) and uranium (U) are of potential ecotoxicological concern to tropical Australian
freshwater biota as a result of mining impacts. No local data on the toxicity of these metals to …

Observed mortalities of Daphnia pulex exposed to a single concentration of zinc in different
test waters are explained in terms of the chemical behaviour of zinc in solution, as predicted …

Abstract In 2001, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released updated aquatic
life criteria for cadmium. Since then, additional data on the effects of cadmium to aquatic life …