Background Urinary metals are considered measures of long-term exposures of metals,
such as cadmium (Cd). Some studies indicate reduced renal function may affect the urinary …

Objectives Although environmental exposure to multiple metals is common, epidemiological
studies on the associations of exposure to 23 metals with kidney function have not been …

Abstract Data (N= 10336) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2003–
2016 for US adults aged≥ 20 years were analyzed to evaluate the concentrations of blood …

Metals are widespread pollutants in the environment which have been reported to be
associated with kidney dysfunction in many existing epidemiological studies. However, most …

Abstract Cross-sectional data (N= 25427) from the National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey for 2003–2014 for US adults were used to estimate the impact of co …

Background Exposure to cadmium has been associated with nephropathy and implicated in
the development of diabetes and hypertension. The role of environmental metal exposure …

Background: Associations between cadmium (Cd) and kidney function have been reported
even at low levels of exposure in the general population. Recently, the causality of these …

Background Nephrotoxic metals of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury exposures are
common environmental pollutants. The associations between arsenic, cadmium, lead and …

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health problem worldwide.
Recent studies have suggested the potential associations between exposure to metals and …

Background Environmental factors have been associated with the outbreak of chronic
kidney disease (CKD). We evaluated the association of Cadmium (Cd) exposure with the …