Introduction Vaccine-specific immune responses vary between populations and are often
impaired in low income, rural settings. Drivers of these differences are not fully elucidated …

Background Variations in vaccine responses have been observed between populations. A
role for helminth infections has been proposed due to their immunomodulatory properties. In …

Introduction Several licensed and investigational vaccines have lower efficacy, and induce
impaired immune responses, in low-income versus high-income countries and in rural …

Introduction There is evidence that BCG immunisation may protect against unrelated
infectious illnesses. This has led to the postulation that administering BCG before unrelated …

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer.
In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) Director General announced his commitment …

Vaccination is one of medicine's greatest achievements; however, its full potential is
hampered by considerable variation in efficacy across populations and geographical …

Introduction Drivers of lower vaccine efficacy and impaired vaccine-specific immune
responses in low-income versus high-income countries, and in rural compared with urban …

On a global basis, both potent vaccine efficacy and high vaccine coverage are necessary to
control and eliminate vaccine-preventable diseases. Emerging evidence from animal and …

Parasitic infections are an important cause of global morbidity and mortality and are highly
prevalent in" underdeveloped" countries. The presence of parasitic infections is associated …

Background Malaria and helminthic parasites are endemic in tropical countries, and co-
infections might influence host-parasite interactions. In this community-based cross …