Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in children, representing
approximately 8% of all malignant childhood tumors and 15% of pediatric cancer-related …

Mutations affecting the RAS–MAPK pathway frequently occur in relapsed neuroblastoma
tumors, which suggests that activation of this pathway is associated with a more aggressive …

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in early childhood.
Despite intensive multimodal therapy, nearly half of children with high-risk disease will …

Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors. Gliomas originate
from astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neural stem cells or their precursors. According to …

Low‐grade astrocytomas (LGAs) are the most common type of brain tumor in children. Until
recently, very little was known about the underlying biology and molecular genetics of these …

Neuroblastoma is a common solid tumor in children and a leading cause of cancer death in
children. Neuroblastoma exhibits genetic, morphological, and clinical heterogeneity that …

As genomic sequencing has become more widely available, the high prevalence of Ras
pathway mutations in pediatric diseases has begun to emerge. Germline Ras-activating …

Simple Summary This review is divided into two parts. The first analyzes the mechanisms of
two important cellular pathways that are involved in tumoral proliferation, differentiation …

The majority of patients with neuroblastoma have tumors that initially respond to
chemotherapy, but a large proportion will experience therapy-resistant relapses. The …

Aberrant RAS/MAPK signaling is a common driver of oncogenesis that can be
therapeutically targeted with clinically approved MEK inhibitors. Disease progression on …