Utetheisa ornatrix exhibits geographic and intrapopulational variability in wing pattern. Here,
evidence is presented that temperature-dependent phenotypic plasticity exists in north …

A physiological approach was taken to reveal a spectrum of phenotypic plasticity of butterfly
wing color patterns using a nymphalid butterfly Vanessa indica. 2. A long-term low …

Effective thermoregulation is crucial for the fitness of small flying insects. Phenotypic
plasticity of the ventral hindwing of pierid butterflies is widely recognised as adaptive for …

It is generally accepted that butterfly wing color-patterns have ecological and behavioral
functions that evolved through natural selection. However, particular wing color-patterns …

The butterfly wing color patterns are unique to a species but are modified in response to cold-
shock and tungstate treatments at the pupal stage, producing characteristic temperature …

It has been proposed that phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation through natural
selection partly determine the direction of divergent selection that eventually results in …

Temperature shock to early pupae causes wing color-pattern changes in butterflies. These
plastic changes are ascribed to the hemolymph level of the cold-shock hormone (CSH) in …

This paper examines and documents the dramatic effects achieved through coldshock
experiments performed on the North American Swallowtail butterfly Pterourus (Papilio) …

While numerous papers have investigated the effects of thermal stress on the pigmentary
colours of butterfly wings, such studies regarding structural colours are mostly lacking …

Despite growing knowledge on the relationship between ecological variables and individual
immune function, data on the spatial variability of immune defence in invertebrate natural …