Oxidative post-translational modifications (oxPTM) of receptors, enzymes, ion channels and
transcription factors play an important role in cell signaling. oxPTMs are a key way in which …

Glutathione is a low molecular weight thiol that is present at high levels in the cell. The high
levels of glutathione in the cell make it one of the most abundant antioxidants contributing to …

Significance: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species contributing to homeostatic regulation
and the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the accumulation of monocytes
and macrophages in the vascular wall. Monocytes and macrophages play a central role in …

Significance: Changes in the oxidative balance can affect cellular physiology and adaptation
through redox signaling. The endothelial cells that line blood vessels are particularly …

Significance: Monocyte and macrophage dysfunction plays a critical role in a wide range of
inflammatory disease processes, including obesity, impaired wound healing diabetic …

In the cardiovascular system, changes in oxidative balance can affect many aspects of
cellular physiology through redox-signaling. Depending on the magnitude, fluctuations in …

Glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is essential for cellular redox homeostasis and antioxidant
defense. The rate-limiting step requires glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which is composed …

Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions comprise a subset of fundamental biochemical
reactions found throughout biological systems. While redox reactions are involved in many …

Oxidative stress has been shown to convert endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) from
an NO-producing enzyme to an enzyme that generates superoxide, a process termed NOS …