We have performed a study for the detection of HTLV antibodies among IDUs at high risk for
HIV infection in Spain. We analyzed 149 individuals from different areas in a therapeutic …

We conducted a survey using serology and polymerase chain reaction assays to detect HIV
1 and/or HTLV-I antibodies and viral DNA, respectively, in 113 intravenous drug abusers …

Human T‐cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types I and II were the first discovered human
retroviruses. While HTLV‐I has been clearly associated with disease, the health implications …

Several reports suggest that HTLV-I/HIV coinfection may be associated with an increased
risk of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In HTLV-I …

Background Human retroviruses HIV and HTLV share transmission routes. HIV widely
spread in Spain during the 80 s through injection drug use and sex, and nowadays HIV rates …

The first human retrovirus described, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I), is
considered the cause of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. 1 More recently, the virus has …

HIV, HTLV-1/-2, and HCV share routes of transmission, and such virus co-infections could
account for worse outcomes of associated diseases. Measuring cytokines/chemokines, CD4 …

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of HTLV infection among pregnant women in Spain.
Methods: A commercial ELISA incorporating HTLV-I and HTLV-II antigens was used for …

Background Individuals with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)/HIV-1
coinfection have been demonstrated to undergo CD4+ lymphocytosis even in the face of …

Provirus mutations of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), mostly the lack of the 5′ long
terminal repeat (LTR) genomic region, have been described and associated with severe …