Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a broad term that incorporated a group of conditions that
affect the blood vessels and the heart. CVD is a foremost cause of fatalities around the …

Oxidative stress is a complex biological process characterized by the excessive production
of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as destroyers of the REDOX balance in the body …

Inflammation triggered by oxidative stress is the cause of much, perhaps even most, chronic
human disease including human aging. The oxidative stress originates mainly in …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart and pathological circulatory conditions, are
the world's leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Endothelial dysfunction involved in …

Smoking is a significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is a leading
cause of structural and functional alterations of the cardiovascular system. Increasing …

Multiple factors are involved in the etiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Pathological
changes occur in a variety of cell types long before symptoms become apparent and …

Nowadays, it is known that oxidative stress plays at least two roles within the cell, the
generation of cellular damage and the involvement in several signaling pathways in its …

Over the last decades, sound evidence has been generated that oxidative stress is one of
the most potent inductors of endothelial dysfunction and is involved at all stages of …

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and reduced quality of life worldwide.
Arterial vessels are a primary target for endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, which is …

Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated as a key factor in the development of a wide
range of cardiovascular diseases, but its definition and mechanisms vary greatly between …