A potential benefit of swimming together in coordinated schools is to allow fish to extract
energy from vortices shed by their neighbours, thus reducing the costs of locomotion. This …

Schooling in fish is linked to a number of factors such as increased foraging success,
predator avoidance, and social interactions. In addition, a prevailing hypothesis is that …

It has long been proposed that flying and swimming animals could exploit neighbour-
induced flows. Despite this it is still not clear whether, and if so how, schooling fish …

Fish benefit energetically when swimming in groups, which is reflected in lower tail-beat
frequencies for maintaining a given speed. Recent studies further show that fish save the …

The physical basis for fish schooling is examined using three-dimensional numerical
simulations of a pair of swimming fish, with kinematics and geometry obtained from …

Fish schooling is a remarkable biological behavior that is thought to provide hydrodynamic
advantages. Theoretical models have predicted significant reduction in swimming cost due …

For animals, being a member of a group provides various advantages, such as reduced
vulnerability to predators, increased foraging opportunities and reduced energetic costs of …

The integration of biomimetic robots in a fish school may enable a better understanding of
collective behaviour, offering a new experimental method to test group feedback in response …

Fish have evolved diverse and robust locomotive strategies to swim efficiently in complex
fluid environments. However, we know little, if anything, about how these strategies can be …

Fish schools are fascinating examples of macro-scale systems with collective behaviours.
According to conventional wisdom, the establishment and maintenance of fish schools …