The biological pathways linking lead exposure to adverse outcomes are beginning to be
understood. Rodent models suggest lead exposure induces dysfunction within the …

Background A few recent studies have demonstrated heightened hypothalamic–pituitary–
adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity to acute stress in animals exposed to heavy metal …

Lead exposure and a marker of oxidative stress (gamma-glutamyl transferase—GGT), and
their effects on life course variables (age, country of birth, education levels, gender, ethnicity …

Background Cortisol has functions on homeostasis, growth, neurodevelopment, immune
function and the stress response. Secretion follows a diurnal rhythm that mediates these …

Experimental studies in animals and observational studies in occupationally exposed adults
indicate that higher lead exposure results in higher biomarkers of oxidative stress. However …

Lead continues to pose a serious threat to the health of many children as well as adults.
Concern about lead exposure as a significant public health problem has increased as …

Lead exposure is higher among children with low socioeconomic status (SES) compared
with other children in the United States. Low SES itself is a known risk factor for various …

Background: Lead (Pb) exposure has been associated with a host of pathological conditions
in humans. In rodents Pb exposure has been shown to alter the hypothalamic–pituitary …

Elevated lead (Pb) burden and high stress levels are co-occurring risk factors in low
socioeconomic status (SES) children. Our previous work demonstrated that maternal Pb …

Lead is a known neurotoxicant with many detrimental health effects, including
neurocognitive deficits and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. However, few studies …