In clinical practice heart failure (HF) patients are generally classified on the basis of left
ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. This approach, however, has important limitations …

Background and Aim Dividing patients with heart failure (HF) based solely on ejection
fraction (EF) may over simplify the hemodynamic states of these patients. We describe a …

Background: Although in clinical practice heart failure (HF) patients are classified using left
ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), this categorization is insufficient for prognosis, especially …

Echocardiography plays an important role in the diagnosis of patients with congestive heart
failure (CHF). It determines the cause and readily provides a reliable noninvasive …

Background Correct classification of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients by dual evidence of
congestion and adequate perfusion is the primary clinical focus for management. Objectives …

Echocardiography now is recommended as the most useful diagnostic test for routine
evaluation and management of heart failure. This article reviews the role of …

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the most commonly used instrumental parameter
to evaluate patients with heart failure (HF). The major strength of LVEF is that it is a …

Diastolic dysfunction plays an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure.
Although it is still controversial whether or not patients with preserved ejection fraction have …

Background Left ventricular (LV) output is a predictor of adverse outcome in patients with
heart failure. It can be evaluated using a per-beat approach, measuring stroke volume index …

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of heart
failure (HF). It is caused by impaired left ventricular (LV) relaxation with or without reduced …