The ability to rapidly and flexibly adapt decisions to available rewards is crucial for survival
in dynamic environments. Reward-based decisions are guided by reward expectations that …

Abstract Information gleaned from learning and memory processes is essential in guiding
behavior toward a specific goal. However, the neural mechanisms that determine how these …

Patients with Parkinson's disease have reduced reward sensitivity related to dopaminergic
neuron loss, which is associated with impairments in reinforcement learning. Increasingly …

Learning to select optimal behavior in new and uncertain situations is a crucial aspect of
living and requires the ability to quickly associate stimuli with actions that lead to rewarding …

Disruption of the dorsal frontostriatal pathways in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated
with impairments in motivation, as well as in executive function. The goal of this study was to …

Brain dopamine has long been known to be implicated in the domains of appetitive
motivation and cognition. Recent work indicates that dopamine also plays a role in the …

Converging evidence from both human neuroimaging and animal studies has supported a
model of mesolimbic processing underlying reward learning behaviors, based on the …

Parkinson's disease causes a characteristic combination of motor symptoms due to
progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars …

Reduced levels of dopamine in Parkinson's disease contribute to changes in learning,
resulting from the loss of midbrain neurons that transmit a dopaminergic teaching signal to …

It is often assumed that the promise of a monetary bonus improves cognitive control. We
show that in fact appetitive motivation can also impair cognitive control, depending on …