Genotypic selection methods detect rare sequence changes in populations of DNA
molecules. These methods have been used to investigate the chemical induction of mutation …

Cancer risk assessment involves the steps of hazard identification, dose-response
assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. The rapid advances in the use …

Chemicals with carcinogenic activity in either animals or humans produce increases in
neoplasia through diverse mechanisms. One mechanism is reaction with nuclear DNA …

As described elsewhere in this Special Issue on biomarkers, much progress has been made
in the detection of modified DNA within organisms at endogenous and exogenous levels of …

Investigation of covalent DNA binding in vivo provided evidence for whether a test
substance can be activated to metabolites able to reach and react with DNA in an intact …

Over two centuries ago, Sir Percival Pott, a London surgeon, published a pioneering treatise
showing that soot exposure was the cause of high incidences of scrotal cancers occurring in …

Current knowledge on the mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis forms the basis for
application of select short-term in vitro and in vivo tests to detect potential human …

While scientific knowledge of the potential health significance of chemical exposures has
grown, experimental methods for predicting the carcinogenicity of environmental agents …

The cancer risk assessment process as currently proposed by the US Environmental
Protection Agency allows for the use of mechanistic data to inform the low‐dose tumor …

Numerous reactive mutagenic electrophiles are present in the environment or are formed in
the human body through metabolizing processes. Those electrophiles can directly react with …