Purpose Accumulating evidence has suggested that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is critically
involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of …

Toll-like receptor (TLR) mediated signaling induces pro-inflammatory responses and can
both suppress and exacerbate allergic responses in the airways. The aim of our study was to …

Abstract Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR9 recognise microbial products of viral descent.
Since viruses are a common trigger of asthma exacerbations these TLRs have emerged as …

Allergic airway inflammation develops in the context of innate immune cells that express Toll-
like receptors (TLRs). TLRs recognize microbial components and evoke diverse responses …

Organic dust exposure in agricultural environments results in significant airway inflammatory
diseases. Gram-positive cell wall components are present in high concentrations in animal …

The role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 in modulating allergy-induced asthma is contradictory.
We investigated the effect of TLR2 gene deletion in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA) …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) has been reported to mediate airway inflammation,
however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In the present study, our objective …

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in asthmatic mouse model
and its possible signal transduction pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mice were …

Background: As passive environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in nonsmokers can
increase both asthma symptoms and the frequency of asthma exacerbations, we utilized a …

Background: Accumulating evidence indicated the crucial role for interleukin 6 (IL-6)
signaling in the development of allergic asthma. Yet, the role of IL-6 signaling in toluene …