Clinical therapies for chronic pain are limited. While targeted drugs are promising therapies
for chronic pain, they exhibit insufficient efficacy and poor targeting. The occurrence of …

The descending-pain modulating circuit controls the experience of pain by modulating
transmission of sensory signals through the dorsal horn. This circuit's key output node, the …

The sensory experience of pain depends not only on the transmission of noxious information
(nociception), but on the state of the body in a biological, psychological, and social milieu. A …

The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is a bulbospinal nuclei in the descending pain
modulation system, and directly affects spinal nociceptive transmission through …

A rat population with variable responses to nerve injury indicated that activation of
descending inhibition with a spinal noradrenergic component prevents development of …

Pain thresholds are, in part, set as a function of emotional and internal states by descending
modulation of nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord. Neurons of the rostral …

The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is a brainstem structure critical for the descending
pain modulation system involved in both pain facilitation and inhibition through its projection …

The caudal ventrolateral medulla (VLM) has emerged during the last decade as one of the
main components of the endogenous pain control system. Profound and long-lasting …

Brainstem structures engage descending facilitatory and inhibitory neurones to potentiate or
suppress the passage of sensory inputs from spinal loci to the brain. The final output for this …

Complex networks of pathways project from various structures in the brain to modulate
spinal processing of sensory input in a top-down fashion. The rostral ventromedial medulla …