The kidneys receive approximately 20% of cardiac output and have a low fractional oxygen
extraction. Quite paradoxically, however, the kidneys are highly susceptible to ischemic …

More than 70% of acute renal failure in man is of circulatory nature and results from hypoxic
injury to the kidney. Since intrarenal hemodynamic and metabolic events cannot be …

Background Vascular congestion of the renal medulla—trapped red blood cells in the
medullary microvasculature—is a hallmark finding at autopsy in patients with ischemic acute …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a sudden reduction in renal function and is a major
clinical problem with a high mortality rate. Despite decades of research, there are currently …

Per gram of tissue, the kidneys are among our most highly perfused organs. Yet the renal
cortex and, in particular, the renal medulla are susceptible to hypoxia. In turn, hypoxia is a …

One of the more glaring paradoxes of ischemic acute renal failure is that such injury appears
to be worse in the kidney as opposed to other organs, even thouth the kidney is the best …

The introduction of new techniques for the determination of renal parenchymal oxygenation
and intrarenal microcirculation has elucidated some important aspects in the …

Both the interruption and subsequent restoration of blood flow (reperfusion) can cause
tissue injury in any organ although the consequences vary greatly. The impact is most …

The kidney poses an interesting paradox with regard to the adequacy of its oxygen supply.
Its flow of blood is high in relation to its weight, and renal arteriovenous oxygen difference is …

Hypoxic injury to tubular cells represents an early event in acute renal failure. Although
important advances have been made in the understanding of hypoxic injury at the cellular …