The importance of explicitly considering bioavailability of metals in the risk assessment and
the development of water quality criteria has been demonstrated scientifically (Allen and …

In this paper, some of the main processes and parameters which affect metal bioavailability
and toxicity in the aquatic environment and its implications for metal risk assessment …

Bioavailability models predicting acute and/or chronic zinc toxicity to a green alga
(Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), a crustacean (Daphnia magna), and a fish …

The Biotic Ligand Model has been previously developed to explain and predict the effects of
water chemistry on the toxicity of copper, silver, and cadmium. In this paper, we describe the …

The biotic ligand model (BLM) is an integrative framework to evaluate and predict
bioavailability and toxicity of metals to freshwater organisms. 1–3 It considers both metal …

Multiple linear regression (MLR) models for predicting zinc (Zn) toxicity to freshwater
organisms were developed based on three toxicity‐modifying factors: dissolved organic …

The biotic ligand model (BLM) is a mechanistic approach that greatly improves our ability to
generate site-specific ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) for metals in the natural …

The importance of water conditions on the bioavailability and toxicity of metals has long
been recognized. In the United States and elsewhere, regulatory criteria to protect aquatic …

Significant advances have been made in recent years to improve our understanding of the
mechanisms by which trace metals exert toxic effects on aquatic life. Moreover, much has …

The biotic ligand modeling (BLM) approach has gained recent widespread interest among
the scientific and regulatory communities because of its potential for developing ambient …