Morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are exceedingly high worldwide.
Researchers have found that the occurrence and development of CVDs are closely related …

The human gut microbiota has been identified as a possible novel CVD risk factor. This
review aims to summarise recent insights connecting human gut microbiome activities with …

Excessive consumption of diets high in sugars and saturated fat, frequently known as
western diet (WD), may lead to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Recent evidence shows …

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbial metabolite derived from nutrients, such as
choline, L-carnitine, ergothioneine and betaine. Recently, it has come under the spotlight for …

Recent evidence, including massive gene-expression analysis and a wide-variety of other
multi-omics approaches, demonstrates an interplay between gut microbiota and the …

Abstract Aims Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is produced in host liver from trimethylamine
(TMA). TMAO and TMA share common dietary quaternary amine precursors, carnitine and …

Summary Trimethylamine (TMA) N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-microbiota-dependent metabolite,
both enhances atherosclerosis in animal models and is associated with cardiovascular risks …

Highlights•Clinical cohorts show associations between gut microbiome and CVD.•Products
of microbial metabolism derived from diet are linked with progression of CVD.•Microbes are …

Numerous studies found intestinal microbiota alterations which are thought to affect the
development of various diseases through the production of gut-derived metabolites …

As a crucial part of the symbiotic system, the gut microbiome is metabolically connected to
many diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Trimethylamine …