Dopamine facilitates approach to reward via its actions on dopamine receptors in the
nucleus accumbens. For example, blocking either D1 or D2 dopamine receptors in the …

Dopamine facilitates approach to reward via its actions on dopamine receptors in the
nucleus accumbens. For example, blocking either D1 or D2 dopamine receptors in the …

Rationale Conditioned cues can elicit relapse to drug-and food-seeking behavior over
prolonged periods of abstinence. If seeking behavior depends on mesolimbic dopamine D1 …

It is well established that dopamine transmission is integral in mediating the influence of
reward expectations on reward-seeking actions. However, the precise causal role of …

Discriminative stimuli (DSs) inform animals that reward can be obtained contingent on the
performance of a specific behavior. Such stimuli reinstate drug‐seeking behavior, evoke …

A decrease in dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) binding in the striatum is one of the most
common findings in disorders that involve a dysregulation of motivation, including obesity …

For several decades, it has been suggested that dopamine (DA), especially in nucleus
accumbens, mediates the primary reinforcing characteristics of natural stimuli such as food …

Abstract Dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) regulate
motivated behavior, but the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unresolved …

Rationale Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) regulates behavioral activation and effort-related
decision-making in motivated behaviors. Mesolimbic DA D 2 receptors are co-localized with …

Arousal is fundamental to many behaviors, but whether it is unitary or whether there are
different types of behavior-specific arousal has not been clear. In Drosophila, dopamine …