Background Recent studies in animal models have shown a link between ingestion of
dietary phosphatidylcholine (PC), choline, l-carnitine and cardiovascular risk. Intestinal …

In recent years, a number of studies have alluded to the importance of the intestinal
microflora in controlling whole-body metabolic homeostasis and organ physiology. In …

Background Intestinal microbiota have been found to be linked to cardiovascular disease via
conversion of the dietary compounds choline and carnitine to the atherogenic metabolite …

Objective The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the multi‐strain probiotic
VSL# 3 would attenuate the increase in fasting plasma concentrations of trimethylamine‐N …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the leading cause of death in individuals
worldwide. Gut microbiota‐derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) can be …

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a collection of risk factors of serious metabolic diseases. L-
Carnitine is an essential nutrient for human health, and the precursor of trimethylamine N …

Morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are exceedingly high worldwide.
Researchers have found that the occurrence and development of CVDs are closely related …

Atherosclerosis is the main cause of myocardial infarction and stroke, and the morbidity and
mortality rates of cardiovascular disease are among the highest of any disease worldwide …

Intestinal microbiota metabolism of choline and phosphatidylcholine produces
trimethylamine (TMA), which is further metabolized to a proatherogenic species …

Abstract Background: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is formed in the liver from
trimethylamine (TMA), a product exclusively generated by the gut microbiota from dietary …