The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays a vital role in cellular
processes such as gene expression, cell proliferation, cell survival, and apoptosis. Also …

The mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) pathway is one of the
best-characterized kinase cascades in cancer cell biology. It is triggered by either growth …

Abstract The RAS/RAF/MEK pathway is activated in more than 30% of human cancers, most
commonly via mutation in the K-ras oncogene and also via mutations in BRAF. Several …

Abstract Although targeting the Ras/Raf/MEK pathway remains a promising anticancer
strategy, mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) …

Aberrant activation of the RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK1/2 pathway occurs in more than 30% of
human cancers. As part of this pathway, MEK1 and MEK2 have crucial roles in …

Aberrant activation of the three-layered protein kinase cascade, Raf/MEK/ERK, is often
detected in human cancer, which is mainly attributed to the oncogenic alterations of RAF, or …

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate intracellular signals activated by a
wide variety of extracellular stimuli. The activation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-MAPK cascade …

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway, often known as the RAS-RAF-MEK-
ERK signal cascade, functions to transmit upstream signals to its downstream effectors to …

The high frequency of activating RAS or BRAF mutations in cancer provides strong rationale
for targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Selective BRAF and …

Aberrant activation of the ERK pathway is common in human tumors. This pathway consists
of a three-tiered kinase module [comprising the kinases RAF, mitogen-activated protein …