Purpose: The active melanocytes in the skin were affected by hormones and ultraviolet (UV)
irradiation. Licorice zinc has a whitening effect, which may have a prominent potential in the …

Ultraviolet radiation exposure is a major cause of extrinsic skin aging, which leads to skin
hyperpigmentation. Loganin, a major iridoid glycoside obtained from Corni fructus, has anti …

This study investigated anti-melanogenesis effects of enzyme-treated caviar extract (CV) in
murine melanoma B16F10 cells and SKH-1 hairless mice. To induce melanin production in …

Objective Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GLE) shows diverse biological effects, and it is used as
an ingredient in some skincare products. GLE and a few purified compounds are known to …

Gingerol is an active component of Zinger and shows several pharmacological activities,
such as antipyretic and anti-inflammation characteristics. To identify a potential skin …

Melanogenesis is a well known physiological response of human skin and is mainly caused
by ultraviolet irradiation and some genetic factors. In our efforts to find new skin lightening …

We investigated the effects of four coumarin derivatives, namely, 6-methylcoumarin, 7-
methylcoumarin, 4-hydroxy-6-methylcoumarin, and 4-hydroxy-7-methylcoumarin, which …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, including extracellular signal-regulated
kinase (ERK) 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2 and p38 MAPK, is known to be …

Background Yohimbine hydrochloride (YH) is a prescription drug to treat erectile
dysfunction. It also had potential in fighting high blood pressure and diabetic neuropathy as …

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Qian-wang-hong-bai-san (QW), a Chinese
herbal formula, is traditionally used as a skin whitening agent in China. Aim of study: In our …