Background Nephrotoxic metals of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury exposures are
common environmental pollutants. The associations between arsenic, cadmium, lead and …

Abstract Background Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) are hazardous for kidney
function, while the effects of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) were unexplored for the narrow …

Background Urinary metals are considered measures of long-term exposures of metals,
such as cadmium (Cd). Some studies indicate reduced renal function may affect the urinary …

Abstract Background Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are widespread environmental
contaminants that are known nephrotoxins. However, their nephrotoxic effects at low …

Assessing the effects of heavy metals (HMs) on kidney stone is often limited to analyzing
individual metal exposures, with studies on the effects of exposure to mixtures of HMs being …

Background Occupational and environmental exposures to toxic metals are established risk
factors for the development of hypertension and kidney disease in adults. There is some …

Abstract Purpose of Review Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) are ubiquitous
toxicants with evidence of adverse kidney impacts at high exposure levels. There is less …

Objectives Although environmental exposure to multiple metals is common, epidemiological
studies on the associations of exposure to 23 metals with kidney function have not been …

Whether environmental exposure to nephrotoxic agents that potentially interfere with
calcium homeostasis, such as lead and cadmium, contribute to the incidence of …

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between
heavy metals (HMs) exposure and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Databases of …