Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health problem worldwide.
Recent studies have suggested the potential associations between exposure to metals and …

Cadmium exposure is associated with increased urinary calcium excretion. Hypercalciuria is
recognised as a major risk factor for kidney stone formation. Increased prevalence of kidney …

Abstract Cadmium (Cd), a well-known nephrotoxic agent, has received a great deal of
attention from the Chinese public because of reports of its presence in rice. But very few …

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal. This study was aimed to estimate the potential health risks in
a Cd-polluted district in China, and examine the relationship between urinary cadmium …

The effects of metal exposure on kidney function have been reported in previous literature.
There is limited and inconsistent information on the associations between individual and …

Background Despite animal evidence suggests that zinc modulates cadmium nephrotoxicity,
limited human data are available. Objective To test the hypothesis that low serum zinc …

Environmental cadmium and lead exposures are widespread, and both metals are
nephrotoxic at high exposure levels. Few studies have evaluated the associations between …

Background The consequences of low levels of environmental heavy metal exposure, as
found widely in the United States, in those with impaired renal function remain …

The health effects of chronic exposure to heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury
are widely documented, yet few data exist about the renal impact of low environmental …

Background Exposure to environmental metals can cause nephrotoxicity. There is an
international epidemic of chronic kidney disease of unknown cause (CKDu). Whether metal …