Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the relationship between
urinary excretion of cadmium (U-Cd) and biomarkers of renal dysfunction. Methods: One …

Background Cadmium (Cd) risk assessment presently relies on tubular proteinuria as a
critical effect and urinary Cd (U-Cd) as an index of the Cd body burden. Based on this …

Background Environmental exposure to toxic metals is an important risk factor to human
health. Traditional methods have examined associations between a health endpoint and …

Cadmium is inconsistently associated with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. Our study
focuses to understand the association between urinary cadmium levels, blood pressure, and …

A relationship between exposure to heavy metals, including lead and cadmium, and renal
dysfunction has long been suggested. However, modeling of the potential additive, or …

Epidemiological evidence for the relationship between cadmium exposure and mortality in
specific chronic kidney disease (CKD) populations remains scarce. We aimed to explore the …

Background Arsenic exposure is associated with decreased kidney function. The
association between low to moderate arsenic exposure and kidney disease has not been …

Background Evidence of chronic low levels of exposure to heavy metals in Sri Lanka has
emerged in a number of studies carried out in the recent past. The source and magnitude of …

Background Exposure to heavy metals may increase risk of kidney disease, but most studies
have examined individual metals or two-way interactions. There is increasing recognition of …

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant and has been a recognized
carcinogen for several decades. Many observational studies reported Cd exposure might be …