The applications of tissue engineered constructs have witnessed great advances in the last
few years, as advanced fabrication techniques have enabled promising approaches to …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing, which is a valuable technique for the fabrication of
tissue-engineered constructs and biomedical devices with complex architectures, has …

This century is blessed with enhanced medical facilities on the grounds of the development
of smart biomaterials. The rise of the four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting technology is a …

The development of the three‐dimensional (3D) printer has resulted in significant advances
in a number of fields, including rapid prototyping and biomedical devices. For 3D structures …

Three‐dimensionally printed constructs are static and do not recapitulate the dynamic nature
of tissues. Four‐dimensional (4D) bioprinting has emerged to include conformational …

Abstract Four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting, encompassing a wide range of disciplines
including bioengineering, materials science, chemistry, and computer sciences, is emerging …

Abstract 4D bioprinting has emerged as a powerful technique where the fourth dimension
“time” is incorporated with 3D bioprinting. In this technique, the printed bioconstructs are …

Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an innovative additive manufacturing technology used to
fabricate structures that can evolve over time when exposed to a predefined environmental …

Nature's materials have evolved over time to be able to respond to environmental stimuli by
generating complex structures that can change their functions in response to distance, time …

The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of
biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time …