The thyroid gland produces hormones that primarily regulate cellular metabolism, have wide-
ranging pleiotropic effects, and are essential for life. During critical illness, the most active …

The metabolic support of the critically ill patient is a relatively new target of active research
and little is as yet known about the effects of critical illness on metabolism. The nonthyroidal …

There is currently a vast literature available on the changes in thyroid function tests that
occur during non-thyroidal illness. The aetiology of these changes is, however …

Acutely ill patients typically present with low circulating T3 and increased reverse T3. When
illness is severe and prolonged, also pulsatile TSH secretion and circulating T4 levels are …

In severe illness, profound changes occur in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The
observed decrease in serum concentration of both thyroid hormones and thyrotropin (TSH) …

Thyroid hormone is essential for the regulation of energy metabolism, and for the
physiological function of virtually all tissues [1, 2]. The production of thyroxine (T4) by the …

Context: Pronounced alterations in serum thyroid hormone levels occur during critical
illness. T3 decreases and rT3 increases, the magnitudes of which are related to the severity …

The examination and understanding of thyroid function perturbations in the intensive care
unit (ICU) setting is often difficult, because the changes reflect apparent alterations in the …

During critical illness, patients with no known history of thyroid disorders may experience
multiple alterations in their serum thyroid hormone levels. Such alterations have been …

In critically ill patients, pronounced alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis
occur without any evidence for thyroid disease. T3 decreases and rT3 increases within a few …