There are more than 1000 species of microbes reside in the human gut, umbering∼ 1014
microbes. As the invisible organ of human beings, gut microbiota can usually participate in …

The intestinal mucosa and liver have long been considered as the main sites of drug
metabolism, and the contribution of gut microbiota to drug metabolism has been under …

There are 100 trillion microbes in the human gastrointestinal tract with numbers increasing
distally. These microbiota secrete a diverse array of enzymes (primarily for carbohydrate and …

Introduction: Numerous drugs and toxicants must be metabolized to an active form.
Metabolic activation by host tissues, such as the liver, has been well studied. However, drug …

Introduction: Gut microbiota plays critical roles in drug metabolism. The variation of gut
microbiota contributes to the interindividual differences toward drug therapy including drug …

Increasing evidence uncovers the involvement of gut microbiota in the metabolism of
numerous pharmaceutical drugs. The human gut microbiome harbors 10–100 trillion …

The gut microbiota is considered a key 'metabolic organ'. Its metabolic activities play
essential roles complementary to the host metabolic functions. The interplays between gut …

Gut microbiota is known as unique collection of microorganisms (including bacteria,
archaea, eukaryotes and viruses) that exist in a complex environment of the gut. Recently …

Considered as an essential “metabolic organ”, intestinal microbiota plays a key role in
human health and the predisposition to diseases. It is an aggregate genome of trillions of …

Gut microbiota, one of the determinants of pharmacokinetics, has long been underestimated.
It is now generally accepted that the gut microbiota plays an important role in drug …