The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) seems to be associated with
alterations of immunoregulation. Several lines of evidence suggest that estrogens play a …

Estrogens exert immunomodulatory action in many autoimmune diseases. Accumulating
evidence highlights the meaningful impact of estrogen receptors in physiology and …

The etiology and pathogenesis underlying irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common
gastrointestinal disorder are still unclear. Cumulating data suggest dysregulation of …

Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic forms of inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) whose pathogenesis is only poorly understood. Estrogens have a complex …

In recent years, researchers have demonstrated that estrogen and its receptors, aside from
their role in regulating several biological functions, contribute to the development and …

Background Data supporting a role of female hormones and/or their receptors in
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasing, but most of them are derived from animal …

The regulatory role of estrogens and nuclear estrogen receptors, ie, estrogen receptor α and
β has been reported in gastrointestinal diseases. However, the contribution of G protein …

Background: Pregnancy is often described as an immune-tolerant state, and a disease
modulatory role for pregnancy on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been suggested …

Estrogens play important roles in the development and progression of multiple tumor types.
Accumulating evidence points to the significance of estrogen action not only in tumors of …

The gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to a myriad of food antigens and symbiotic
microflora, thus modulation of the inflammatory response is tightly regulated to prevent …