The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of
biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time …

Three-dimensional (3D) and Four-dimensional (4D) printing emerged as the next generation
of fabrication techniques, spanning across various research areas, such as engineering …

Abstract Four-dimensional (4 D) printing is a novel emerging technology, which can be
defined as the ability of 3 D printed materials to change their form and functions. The term …

Four dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging technology with great capacity for fabricating
complex, stimuli-responsive 3D structures, providing great potential for tissue and organ …

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TE&RM) has made continuous
advancements by extending three-dimensional (3D) printing towards the development and …

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology allows fabricating complex and precise
structures by stacking materials layer by layer. The fabrication method has a strong potential …

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently expanded in popularity, and become the
cutting edge of tissue engineering research. A growing emphasis from clinicians on patient …

Hard tissues and organs, including the bones, teeth and cartilage, are the most extensively
exploited and rapidly developed areas in regenerative medicine field. One prominent …

Recent advances in 3D printing have enabled the creation of novel 3D constructs and
devices with an unprecedented level of complexity, properties, and functionalities. In …

The current need for organ and tissue replacement, repair, and regeneration for patients is
continually growing such that supply is not meeting demand primarily due to a paucity of …