Doxepin is commonly prescribed for depression and anxiety treatment. Doxepin-related
disruptions to metabolism and renal/hepatic adverse effects remain unclear; thus, the …

Clozapine is widely employed in the treatment of schizophrenia. Compared with that of
atypical first-generation antipsychotics, atypical second-generation antipsychotics such as …

Aim The pharmacological properties of pentoxifylline have been re-evaluated, particularly in
chronic kidney disease in diabetes, favored by its anti-inflammatory action. Definitive …

The kidney is an important organ in the maintenance of body homeostasis. Dietary
compounds, reactive metabolites, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) can affect renal …

A link between inflammation with obesity and metabolic syndrome has been found in
patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Diacerein is an anthraquinone used to treat …

Excessive intake of fructose results in metabolic syndrome (MS) and kidney damage, partly
mediated by its metabolism by fructokinase-C or ketohexokinase-C (KHK-C). Osthol has …

Nephropathy is a serious complication of metabolic syndrome (MS), a global epidemic
disorder. This study was undertaken to investigate the actions of diosmin and crocin, two …

Objective. Secretion of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) and its effect on target organs were
impaired in individuals with obesity. However, its mechanism needs to be further studied …

Hyperuricemia has been recognized as a risk factor for insulin resistance as well as one of
the factors leading to diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Since DKD is the most common cause …

Zoledronic acid (ZLD) is a bisphosphonate drug widely administered against pathological
conditions such as hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteoporosis, bone metastases from solid …