Neurological and mental illnesses account for a considerable proportion of the global
burden of disease. Exercise has many beneficial effects on brain health, contributing to …

Endocrine mechanisms have been largely associated with metabolic control and tissue
cross talk in mammals. Classically, myokines comprise a class of signaling proteins …

Exercise is a well-known non-pharmacological intervention to improve brain functions,
including cognition, memory, and motor coordination. Contraction of skeletal muscles during …

Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia in older
adults. This review describes the possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms …

Depression is a debilitating condition with a profound impact on quality of life for millions of
people worldwide. Physical exercise is used as a treatment strategy for many patients, but …

While the relationship between increased physical activity and cognitive ability has been
conjectured for centuries, only recently have the mechanisms underlying this relationship …

Skeletal muscle is an essential regulator of energy homeostasis and a potent coordinator of
exercise-induced adaptations in other organs including the liver, fat or the brain. Skeletal …

Physical inactivity has recently been identified as a major and independent risk factor for the
development of dementia and cognitive decline. In addition to the effect of exercise with …

Tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway generates a variety of bioactive
metabolites. Physical exercise can modulate kynurenine pathway metabolism in skeletal …

The coactivator PGC-1α1 is activated by exercise training in skeletal muscle and promotes
fatigue-resistance. In exercised muscle, PGC-1α1 enhances the expression of kynurenine …