The medical, social, and financial burdens posed by end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) are
many and growing rapidly. People generally reach ESRD as a result of chronic progressive …

Patients with chronic kidney disease have a high burden of cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality. The vast majority of patients with chronic kidney disease do not progress to end …

Despite the rising incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), this condition remains
underrecognized and is costly to treat. Care of CKD accounts for a substantial portion of US …

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high,
and the presence of CKD worsens outcomes of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CKD is …

Patients who reach the end-stage phase of renal disease (ESRD) display an exceedingly
high risk for cardiovascular (CV) complications. However it is still unclear whether in patients …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients
with chronic renal disease (CRD). Despite improvement in treatment for CVD over the past …

Patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) are at extreme cardiovascular risk. At least
half of all patients starting dialysis therapy have overt cardiovascular disease (CVD). In …

The presence of kidney disease, manifested by low glomerular filtration rates (GFR) and/or
large amounts of protein in the urine, is independently associated with increased rates of …

This article describes the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular
disease (CVD), and the relationship between CKD and CVD, from both pathophysiologic …

CVD is the leading cause of death in ESRD. CVD often begins well before the onset of the
end-stage of CRD and is associated with recognizable risk factors. In the general …