Cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled division of cells, resulting in the formation of
tumors. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a variety of cell types present within a …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) typically comprises cancer cells, tumor vasculature,
stromal components like fibroblasts, and host immune cells that assemble to support …

Full article: 3D Bioprinting for Oncology Applications Skip to Main Content Taylor and Francis
Online homepage Taylor and Francis Online homepage Access provided by The Australian …

Tumor cells evolve in a complex and heterogeneous environment composed of different cell
types and an extracellular matrix. Current 2D culture methods are very limited in their ability …

The tumor microenvironment is highly complex owing to its heterogeneous composition and
dynamic nature. This makes tumors difficult to replicate using traditional 2D cell culture …

The exact mechanistic understanding of cancer metastasis continues to be unknown,
although it is a major cause of death worldwide. Along with the tumor mass, the tumor …

The cancer microenvironment is known for its complexity, both in its content as well as its
dynamic nature, which is difficult to study using two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models …

Cancer research depends on the challenging task of producing representative and reliable
models of human disease; these have largely been limited to mouse models or human …

Cancer is intrinsically complex, comprising both heterogeneous cellular compositions and
microenvironmental cues. During the various stages of cancer initiation, development, and …

In vitro engineering of tumor milieus is complex because cancer progression and metastasis
involve spatio-temporally evolving cell–matrix interactions, myriad interactions between …