The pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by the loss of neurons in the
substantia nigra parcompacta (A9), which results in the insufficient release of dopamine, and …

The basis of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is progressive degeneration of
dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal system of the brain. The most important treatment …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; 50 ng/ml), dopamine (DA; 10 μM) and forskolin
(Fsk; 10 μM) have previously been shown by this and other laboratories to induce the …

Neurobiologists long ago identified the defect underlying the tremors, halting movements,
and other cruel symptoms of Parkinson's disease: the gradual die-off of a set of brain …

Theneurotransmitter dopamine has just celebrated its 50thbirthday. The discovery of
dopamine as a neuronal entity in the late 1950s and the notion that it serves in …

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with motor and non-motor symptoms. In
Parkinson's disease, a neurotransmitter imbalance occurs in the extrapyramidal system with …

The basal ganglia operate largely in closed parallel loops, including an associative circuit
for goal-directed behavior originating from the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and a …

This article gives a brief overview of the current understanding of the life cycle of the
dopamine molecule, covering dopamine synthesis, storage, release, receptor and …

In Parkinson's disease a dopaminergic/cholinergic and a GABAergic/glutaminergic
neurotransmitter imbalance occurs in the extrapyramidal system. Here, in this system, we …

We examined whether all of human midbrain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons
substantially synthesize dopamine (DA) using dual labeling immunohistochemical …