Acetylcholine (ACh), as a classical neurotransmitter, regulates the neuronal network in
response to internal and external stimuli. In recent decades, the biology of ACh has been …

Neurological and immunological signals constitute an extensive regulatory network in our
body that maintains physiology and homeostasis. The cholinergic system plays a significant …

Frequent diseases of the CNS, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple
sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders (eg, schizophrenia), elicit a neuroinflammatory response …

Acetylcholine (ACh) was created by nature as one of the first signaling molecules,
expressed already in procaryotes. Based on the positively charged nitrogen, ACh could …

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of
the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by leucocytes infiltration, demyelination …

This review outlines the mechanisms underlying the interaction between the nervous and
immune systems of the host in response to an immune challenge. The main focus is the …

1. Acetylcholine (ACh) represents one of the most exemplary neurotransmitters. In addition
to its presence in neuronal tissue, there is increasing experimental evidence that ACh is …

Acetylcholine (ACh), the classical neurotransmitter, also affects a variety of nonexcitable
cells, such as endothelia, microglia, astrocytes and lymphocytes in both the nervous system …

In COPD, the activity of the cholinergic system is increased, which is one of the reasons for
the airflow limitation caused by the contraction of airway smooth muscles. Therefore …

Stimulation of the nicotinic alpha7 acetylcholine receptor (nAChRα7) by nicotine or
acetylcholine initiates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, a mechanism for neural …