Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality in the developed world. It is
estimated that 5 million Americans suffer from heart failure (HF), and roughly 550,000 new …

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by chronic, persistent activation of the
neuroendocrine system, which has been assumed to be linked to disease progression and …

Background. Prevalence of isolated LV diastolic dysfunction (IDD) has been reported to be
as high as 1/3 of all chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) cases, with an increasing …

Objective: Heart failure (HF) is a major health problem facing the US and studies suggest
that the incidence of this condition will rise significantly over the next 10 years. Limiting the …

PURPOSE: To review the pharmacologic management of chronic systolic heart failure (HF).
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Approximately 550 000 new cases of HF are diagnosed each year with a …

Because physicians have traditionally considered heart failure to be a hemodynamic
disorder, they have described the syndrome of heart failure using hemodynamic concepts …

During the last 20 years, physicians have generally regarded heart failure as a
haemodynamic disorder in an attempt to explain patients' symptoms and disability. This …

PREVIEW As the population ages, the number of cases of congestive heart failure (CHF) is
expected to climb. Primary care physicians will be increasingly called upon to treat patients …

Over the past several decades, important advances have been made in the treatment of
patients with heart failure (HF). Whereas in the past, the main goal of drug therapy was to …

OBJECTIVE: To critically review the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure at the
neurohormonal level, and discuss the effect of present and future therapeutic options on …