Although the protective role of neutralizing antibodies against COVID-19 is well established,
questions remain about the relative importance of cellular immunity. Using 6 pMHC …

Background Characterizing the longevity and quality of cellular immune responses to severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enhances understanding of …

Memory T cells contribute to rapid viral clearance during re-infection, but the longevity and
differentiation of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells remain unclear. Here we conduct ex …

T-cell immunity is important for recovery from COVID-19 and provides heightened immunity
for re-infection. However, little is known about the SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immunity in …

An unaddressed key question in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
pandemic is the duration of immunity for which specific T cell responses against the severe …

Emerging data indicate that SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells targeting different viral
proteins are detectable in up to 70% of convalescent individuals,,,–. However, very little …

CD4+ T cells are central to long-term immunity against viruses through the functions of T
helper 1 (TH1) and T follicular helper (TFH) cell subsets. To better understand the role of …

Background SARS-CoV-2 remains a world-wide health issue. SARS-CoV-2-specific
immunity is induced upon both infection and vaccination. However, defining the long-term …

Memory T cells induced by previous infections can influence the course of new viral
infections. Little is known about the pattern of SARS-CoV-2 specific pre-existing memory T …

In addition to CD4+ T cells and neutralizing antibodies, CD8+ T cells contribute to protective
immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …