Background: Retrovirus infections among injecting drug users (IDUs), a core at-risk
population for both HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II infections in Brazil, were assessed within an ongoing …

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 2 infections can be found in the large urban areas of
the United States and Europe, where Spain and Italy are the most affected countries. The …

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic in many parts of the world and
is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse or from mother to child. Sexual …

Difficulties in confirming and discriminating human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)
and HTLV-2 infections by serological Western blot (WB) assays (HTLV Blot 2.4; MP …

To determine the seroprevalence of HTLV‐1 in Brazil, and to review the virus molecular
epidemiology in this Amazon population (Rio Branco‐Acre), 219 blood donors were …

People who used illicit drugs (PWUDs) represent an important population group for
acquisition and viral dispersion. In Brazil, high rates of the human T lymphotropic virus 1 …

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic in South America and the
Caribbean basin. To clarify the genetic and phylogenetic relationship between an HTLV-1 …

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has worldwide distribution and is considered
endemic in southwestern Japan. HTLV-1 infection has been associated with adult T-cell …

To confirm the geographic and ethnic segregation of HTLV-I and HTLV-II carriers in native
populations in South America, we have conducted a seroepidemiological study of native …

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus
type 1 (HIV‐1) and human T lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV‐I/II) infections in 226 …