Study design: Invited narrative review. Objectives: The aim of this review was to summarize
current literature regarding risk factors that surgeons can optimize in the preoperative setting …

Study Design. Spine update. Objective. The purpose of this study is to provide a review of
preoperative clearance and optimization, before elective spine surgery. Summary of …

Given the physiologic and physical strain that can be associated with spine surgery, it is
important to optimize patients pre-operatively to improve outcomes and reduce the risk of …

BACKGROUND Patient factors (increased body mass index [BMI], smoking, and diabetes)
may impact outcomes after spine surgery. There is a lack of consensus regarding which …

Background: The Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial aimed to determine the
comparative effectiveness of surgical care versus nonoperative care by measuring …

Object Present attempts to control health care costs focus on reducing the incidence of
complications and hospital-acquired conditions (HACs). One approach uses restriction or …

Study Design. Prospective study. Objective. The present study compared different theories
on the role of expectations in a group of patients undergoing lumbar decompression …

Study Design: A retrospective cohort review. Objective: To develop a scoring system for
predicting increased risk of postoperative complications in adult spinal deformity (ASD) …

OBJECT Improved objective assessments of perioperative risk after spine surgery are
necessary to decrease postoperative morbidity and mortality rates. Morphometric analysis …

Psychosocial factors related to different degrees of clinical impairment and quality of life in
the preoperative period may influence outcomes from elective spine surgery. Patients have …