Assessing the effects of heavy metals (HMs) on kidney stone is often limited to analyzing
individual metal exposures, with studies on the effects of exposure to mixtures of HMs being …

Purpose Heavy metal exposure can cause impaired or reduced pathology in the kidneys,
lungs, liver, and other vital organs. However, the relationship between heavy metal …

The impact of exposure to metals on chronic kidney disease (CKD) has only been
investigated in two-way or single metal interactions in previous studies. We investigated the …

Background Trace metals are essential trace elements for the human body, but insufficient
or excessive levels of metal ions can lead to the development of disease. The purpose of …

Background Nephrotoxic metals of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury exposures are
common environmental pollutants. The associations between arsenic, cadmium, lead and …

Abstract Background Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) are hazardous for kidney
function, while the effects of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) were unexplored for the narrow …

Background Exposure to heavy metals may increase risk of kidney disease, but most studies
have examined individual metals or two-way interactions. There is increasing recognition of …

To determine whether urine cobalt (Co) is associated with the prevalence of kidney stones,
we conducted a cross-sectional study of participants (≥ 20 years) involved in the National …

Background The urinary system serves as a crucial pathway for eliminating metallic
substances from the body, making it susceptible to the effects of metal exposure. However …

Background Epidemiological studies have reported associations between heavy metals and
renal function. However, longitudinal studies are required to further validate these …