Pinus hartwegii is the only ectomycorrhizal host distributing at 4000 m asl in the Neotropics
forming monospecific sky-island forests on the treeline. These ecosystems have unique …

Abies religiosa forests in central Mexico are the only overwinter refuge of the monarch
butterfly and provide important ecosystem services. These forests have lost 55% of their …

The biological communities of endemic, relictual ecosystems are poorly known and the rate
of destruction of these ecosystems is high worldwide. Pinus greggii is a near-threatened …

Chilean temperate rainforests have unique climatic, edaphic and biotic conditions,
constituting pre-industrial blueprint ecosystems. Mycorrhizal associations play a central role …

Old-growth temperate rainforests, located at the Patagonian and Valdivian regions of
southern Chile and Argentina, represent unique ecosystems in South America. These …

Coinvasive ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi allow Pinaceae species to invade regions
otherwise lacking compatible symbionts, but ECM fungal communities permitting Pinaceae …

Plants and mycorrhizal fungi influence each other's abundance, diversity, and distribution.
How other biotic interactions affect the mycorrhizal symbiosis is less well understood …

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi play an important role in the establishment and development of
forests by increasing the water and nutrient uptake of their host trees (Smith and Read …

Purpose Pinaceae (pine family) trees are native to the Northern Hemisphere and their
invasion into the Southern Hemisphere is a growing problem threatening biological …

Competition for resources between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM)
plants can alter belowground mycorrhizal communities, but few studies have investigated …