Background HTLV-1 often infect HIV-HCV coinfected patients. The immunological
consequences of triple infection are still unclear. Objective: to compare the plasma levels of …

Objectives: HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-
1) share the same routes of infection, making coinfection by these viruses a frequent finding …

Background. Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) infection is not rare among
injection drug users with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and may exert a …

During the early 1980s, the first 3 human retroviruses were identified: human T-lymphotropic
virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A person …

Co-infection with HTLV-1 reaches 20% among patients infected by HIV-1 in Bahia, Brazil. To
evaluate its impact on survival, we conducted a retrospective, case–control study involving …

We studied the prevalence of antibodies against HTLV-1 among every HIV-infected
outpatients assisted in our hospital between January 1st 2000 and June 30th 2003. We …

HIV, HTLV-1/-2, and HCV share routes of transmission, and such virus co-infections could
account for worse outcomes of associated diseases. Measuring cytokines/chemokines, CD4 …

The human retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1/HTLV-2 share similar routes of transmission but
cause significantly different diseases. In this review we have outlined the immune mediated …

Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is associated with
myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma …

The impact of HIV co-infection on the plasma immunological biomarker profile of HTLV-1
infected patients was evaluated. The plasma levels of leukotrienes and …