Abstract Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been an effective immune modulator in several active-
specific immunotherapy experimental protocols using either viral or oncolysate-based …

The development of cancer vaccines has been intensively pursued over the past 50 years
with modest success. However, recent advancements in the fields of genetics, molecular …

The generation of cytotoxic effector T cells requires delivery of two signals, one derived from
a specific antigenic epitope and one from a costimulatory molecule. A phase I clinical trial …

Phenotypic heterogeneity of human carcinoma lesions, including heterogeneity in
expression of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), is a well-established phenomenon …

Scaling up experimental protocols from rodents to humans is often not a straightforward
procedure, and this particularly applies to cancer vaccines, where vaccination technology …

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is over-expressed on various human cancer cells and has
been the target of immunotherapies using dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with CEA-specific …

Metastatic forms of cancers remain the main cause of death in cancer patients. In this study,
we demonstrate that directing a sustained antibody response towards the homotypic binding …

Coordinated presentation of antigen and costimulatory molecules has been shown to result
in the induction of an antigen-specific T-cell response rather than the development of …

Purpose: Previous studies have indicated that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) might be a
suitable immunotherapeutic target in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The aim of the present …

By virtue of its tissue-specific expression, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an important
self, tumor-associated antigen, which is expressed by different human adenocarcinomas …