Skeletal muscle is an essential regulator of energy homeostasis and a potent coordinator of
exercise-induced adaptations in other organs including the liver, fat or the brain. Skeletal …

As life expectancy has increased, particularly in developed countries, due to medical
advances and increased prosperity, age-related neurological diseases and mental health …

Endocrine mechanisms have been largely associated with metabolic control and tissue
cross talk in mammals. Classically, myokines comprise a class of signaling proteins …

Highlights•Skeletal muscle secretes myokines that exert autocrine paracrine and endocrine
effects.•Paracrine factors modulate muscle angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and …

Physical activity decreases the risk of a network of diseases, and exercise may be
prescribed as medicine for lifestyle-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes, dementia …

Neurological and mental illnesses account for a considerable proportion of the global
burden of disease. Exercise has many beneficial effects on brain health, contributing to …

Skeletal muscle plays a key role in postural retention as well as locomotion for maintaining
the physical activities of human life. Skeletal muscle has a second role as an elaborate …

Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with advancing age. It involves
both complex genetic and modifiable risk factors, such as lack of exercise, malnutrition and …

While it is understood that body composition impacts on physical conditions, such as
diabetes and cardiovascular disease, it is only now apparent that body composition might …

Physical inactivity has recently been identified as a major and independent risk factor for the
development of dementia and cognitive decline. In addition to the effect of exercise with …