Early research into the causes of geographical variation in antipredator behaviour in fishes
revealed that population differences have an underlying genetic basis. However, evidence …

The ability to recognize a potential predator and display adaptive antipredator behaviour is
crucial to the survival of prey animals. Prey should gain a fitness advantage by displaying …

Much of the plasticity that prey exhibit in response to predators is linked to the prey's
immediate background level of risk. However, we know almost nothing of how background …

抄録< p> Predators are extremely effective agents of selection. After all, if an individual
member of a prey species does not survive long enough to reproduce, it will have lost its …

Most species are at risk of predation during some, if not all, phases of their lives. As a result,
there exists strong selection pressure for early detection and avoidance of potential …

For prey species, the costs associated with antipredator behaviours should drive the
development of efficient risk assessment systems. According to the threat-sensitive predator …

Despite the importance of predator recognition in mediating predator–prey interactions, we
know little about the specific characteristics that prey use to distinguish predators from non …

While some prey species possess an innate recognition of their predators, others require
learning to recognize their predators. The specific characteristics of the predators that prey …

Determining how prey learn the identity of predators and match their vigilance with current
levels of threat is central to understanding the dynamics of predator–prey systems and the …

In comparison with social learning about food, social learning about predators has received
little attention. Yet such research is of potential interest to students of animal cognition and …