Abstract The European map butterfly (Araschnia levana L.) is a striking example of seasonal
plasticity. Individuals of the spring generation are reddish with a fritillary‐like colour pattern …

Abstract The Alcon Blue Maculinea alcon and the Mountain Alcon Blue Maculinea 'rebeli'are
obligate ant‐parasitic butterflies with no distinct morphological and genetic differences but …

The efficacy of camouflage through background matching is highly environment-dependent,
often resulting in intraspecific colour divergence in animals to optimize crypsis in different …

According to life‐history theory, trade‐offs emerge because organisms possess a limited
amount of resources that they have to allocate between different bodily functions. Here, we …

In insects, the length of larval development time typically influences adult body size and
individual fitness, and hence development time can be expected to respond in an adaptive …

Lepidopteran insects have provided excellent study systems for understanding adaptive
phenotypic plasticity. Although there are a few well-studied examples of adult plasticity …

Abstract Swallowtail butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) dimorphic for pupal color
produce cryptic brown and green pupae in response to environmental cues. The occurrence …

Evidence from laboratory rearing experiments on two populations of the checkerspot
butterfly Euphydryas editha that use different host species indicate that the populations differ …

Effective thermoregulation is crucial for the fitness of small flying insects. Phenotypic
plasticity of the ventral hindwing of pierid butterflies is widely recognised as adaptive for …

Despite growing knowledge on the relationship between ecological variables and individual
immune function, data on the spatial variability of immune defence in invertebrate natural …