Sepsis is the leading cause of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. Tumor necrosis
factor-α (TNF-α) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of septic kidney injury; however …

LPS inhibits HCO 3− absorption in the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) through a Toll-
like receptor 4 (TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-extracellular signal …

Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a detoxified derivative of LPS that induces tolerance to
LPS and augments host resistance to bacterial infections. Previously, we demonstrated that …

Metabolic acidosis is the most common acid-base disorder in septic patients and is
associated with increased mortality. Previously, we demonstrated that sepsis induced by …

Sepsis is associated with defects in renal tubule function, but the underlying mechanisms
are incompletely understood. Recently, we demonstrated that Gram-negative bacterial …

Sepsis and endotoxemia induce defects in renal tubule function, but the mechanisms are
poorly understood. Recently, we demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibits …

Background: Sepsis is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), with high rates of morbidity
and mortality. M2 macrophages have been shown to play important roles in the secretion of …

During sepsis, arterial blood pressure drops significantly leading to sepsis-induced
hypotension in septic shock. This drop in blood pressure is due to the activation of a …

Sepsis is often initiated by invasive infection, characterized by overwhelming induction of
pro-inflammatory cytokines. The incidence and mortality of sepsis and the associated …

Bacterial infection and sepsis are associated with renal tubule dysfunction and
dysregulation of systemic electrolyte balance but the underlying mechanisms are …